François Roustang on Hypnosis.
François Roustang. (1994) Qu' est-ce que l' hypnose? Les editions de Minuit.
A Definition of Hypnosis
“Hypnosis is not founded, as is psychoanalysis, on the study of neurosis, hypnosis in not based on psychopathology and is not seduced by madness.....: (1994:10)
“Hypnosis does not study the human subjects for itself, in what we have called her psyche, because hypnosis only considers the person in and through her environment, only in and through her relation to the world; hypnosis thus no more subjective than objective, no more individual than collective.” (1994:10)
Paradoxical Wakefulness
“Hypnosis reveals itself as an increased vigilance capable of taking into account the totality of the parameters of existence, a sort of generalised vigilance that includes and overcomes a more restrained vigilance that we experience in daily life.” (1994:14)
“It is not the increased intensity of imagination that engenders hypnosis, but rather the hypnotic state, the paradoxical wakefulness, that allows the imagination to be deployed in order to transform our relationships with things and human beings.” (1994:14)
Hypnosis... ' allows to arise in the present unknown possibilities......its is thus an intervention, an operation, or action.' (1994:10)
Hypnosis discloses 'a manner of being in the world, a way of positioning oneself within existence, a modality of functioning in the world.' (1994:15)
Hypnosis and Therapy in Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, Heaton, Jesmond, Gosforth, Wallsend, Durham and Sunderland
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Welcome
Welcome from Edward Gardner, practitioner at Heaton Hypnosis and Psychotherapy Practice. Edward has a wide range of therapeutic experience having worked in therapeutic projects with adults who experienced mental health issues.
At Heaton Hypnosis and Psychotherapy Practice we are committed to assisting you to achieve positive and contructive change in your life and experience.
Sources of Therapeutic Interventions
Edward’s therapeutic practice is informed by a number of therapeutic methods and modalities. Edward has a background in the study of modern and contemporary European Philosophy with influences from the Western philosophical tradition from Plato to current European approaches such as Existential Analysis, Philosophical Counselling, the third Viennese school of Viktor Frankl – Logotherapy as well as Cognitive and rational therapies.
Edward is a fully certified Smoking Cessation practitioner.
As an adjunct modality Hypnosis and hypnotherapy are also used as a treatment modality where it is considered that hypnosis will assist in the treatment sessions.
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Sliding Scale available for unwaged etc
A Case of Hypnosis in Viktor E. Frankl (2004) On the Theory and Therapy of Mental Disorders: An Introduction to Logotherapy and Existential Analysis.
A Case of Hypnosis in Viktor E. Frankl
(2004) On the Theory and Therapy of Mental Disorders: An
Introduction to Logotherapy and Existential Analysis.
Brief Comments.1
Edward S Gardner.
Heaton Hypnosis and Psychotherapy
Practice
UK
Email: ipnoetic@gmail.com
One of the significant aspects of the
therapeutic practice of Viktor Frankl in his Logotherapy and
Existential Analysis was his openness to utilising different
therapeutic interventions and modalities which was applicable to the
benefit of the patient. As Dubois (2004:xxxii) points out this can be
seen in his utilisation of a wide spectrum of modalities such as
Autogenic Training as developed by J. H. Schultz in relation to
De-reflection, the early use of anti-depressant medication, ECT,
Group therapies, the use of Paradoxical Intention as a behavioural
intervention,and the use of dream interpretation in relation to
neuroses of a psychogenic and noological origin. Here I wish to draw
brief attention to a description of the utilisation of hypnosis as
refereed to by Frankl.
In Chapter Three of On the
Theory and Therapy of Mental Disorders.
Frankl addresses psychosomatic medicine. Frankl maintains that the
problem of psychosomatic medicine is that it ultimately does not
provided a firm enough ground for the explanation of the psychogenic
causes if illness. Here Frankl raises the question of 'the old
problem of organ suggestion (Organwahl)' which he states is a more
general question than that relating to the the problem of symptom
suggestion. Frankl then makes reference to the Freudian notion of
'somatic cooperation' and the Adlerian concept of 'Somatic
substructure' in relation to Adler's study of organ selection. Frankl
points out that Adler spoke of neuroses as having their own 'organ
dialect.' Thus, linguistically people will speak in colloquial terms
such as 'This is hard to stomach, it is hard to swallow.' We all
know of such metaphorical and symbolic expressions which are
expressive of our states of health and disease.
Frankl
by reference to an experimental use of hypnosis raises some
significant point on the relation of metaphor and symbolism and its
relevance to the aetiology of psychosomatic illness. Here Frankl
(2004:84) is quoted:
'The
professional literature contains an unusually instructive
experimental contribution by an Italian author that is relevant to
our last point. He placed a series of subjects under hypnosis and
suggested that they were insignificant employees who worked for a
tyrannical boss, and that they could not revolt against him, rather
they needed to “just swallow” what he did. He then viewed their
stomachs through an X-ray machine and found they had all become
aerophagic: they showed a marked increase of air in their stomachs.
That is, they not only figuratively, but also literally swallowed
something, namely, air. Thus, it is no wonder that real employees who
suffer under tyrannical bosses occasionally come to their doctors and
complain, for example, about pressure around their heart (caused by
diaphragmatic elevation) or similar complaints. In such cases, where
the affected organ—in our case, the stomach—“cooperates” in
the characteristic sense as the symbolic expression of a neurotic
event, we can also speak of a “symbolic cooperation” of the
affected organ (as I did in my book, Psychotherapie
in der Praxis).
Prescinding
from somatic cooperation in general and from symbolic cooperation in
the previous special sense just discussed, there is also a “social”
cooperation. I am thinking in particular of the “cooperation” of
social insurance, the welfare payments that the patient is presented
with. For it is not unusual that a neurosis is cultivated or at least
fixated with an eye toward income. Just as Freud spoke of “secondary
motives for illness” or of “the prize of illness,” so too in
connection with what I have described as social cooperation one could
speak literally of a financial prize of illness that plays a large
role in the aetiology of neuroses, or in general, in psycho genesis.'
The
interesting point of this experimental use of hypnosis highlights the
role of metaphorical and symbolic suggestion in illness which goes
beyond an understanding of the psychogenic origins of illness as
simply the transposition of mental events in to somatic ones. Frankl
raises the importance of not only the symbolic and metaphorical
mediation of mental and somatic states in the experience of illness
but also the social significance of the psychological and physical
lived experience of complaints of a psychogenic origin.
Keywords: Hypnosis,
Viktor Frankl, psychosomatic medicine, psychogenic, organ suggestion,
symptom suggestion, Freud, Adler, secondary gains, symbolic
cooperation, On
the Theory and Therapy of Mental Disorders: An Introduction to
Logotherapy and Existential Analysis
(2004), Edward S Gardner, Heaton Hypnosis.
1Frankl,
E. V. (2004) On the Theory and Therapy of Mental Disorders: An
introduction to Logotherapy and Existential Analysis. (Trans.
James M. Dubois) New York and Hove: Brunner-Routledge. P, 82.
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